Pneumatic tire.



Patented July 24, 1917. z S NEETSS#EET 1.

Qn uentoz F. S. DICKINSON.

PNEUMATIC TIRE. nru'cmou nun SEPT. r. m 5. 1,234,142.

wuneoaco;

F. S DICKINSON.

PNEUMATIC TIRE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. i, 1915. 1,234,142. Patented July-24,1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Will/lama: Jnuewtoc rnnnmcx s. n'zoicmson, or new roux, N. Y.

PNEUMATIC mine.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 24, 1917.

Application filed September 1, 1815. Serial No. 48,899.

2'0 all whom it may concern lie it known that I, Furor-1101c S. DICK- .INSON, a ,-itizcn of the United States, and resirh-nt ol' Ncw York, in the county and Stut of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires, of which the following is it speeificiilion.

'lhis invention re ates to pneumatic tires of that class in which the internal body fabric of the shoe or casing is of the cord type, and it has particular relation to im proved i'ncuns for anchoring the cord body iahrie at the bend or selvagc edges thereof.

In the usual construction of cord tires, the length of cord is looped or turned parallel to the annulus of the tire at the bend edge thereof and the portion of the cords extending from said loops are curried over the circumference of the tire at the side .and trend portions thereof. andthe anchoring of the cords at the bead edge has-usually been, dependent upon merely the vulcirnizw tion by which the cord fabric is amalgamated. with the shoe-or casing or the turnsor loops of thecordiparallel to theannul'us' of the tire at. the bead edge have b'een passed around hooks or staples positioned laterally with relation to the annulus of thetire and embedded in 'the bead. Such constructions do not maintain the required tension on "the cords owing to the tendency-0f the-latter to assume their natural length, which action ensues by reason of the fact that the first heat o'f' the vulcunizing process softensftlie rubber compounds uiliciently to permit slips page in the length of the cords. Itisthere fore desirable that a secure end permanent anchoring means be provided which will effectively and at all times maintain the laid cords at their normal tension.

My invention is particularly adapted for employment in i'ela-tionto the improved y e of cordtirewhich' is 's'hovvn in my or pending, application Serial. No:fl10,213, in which the cord body iubric' is constituted by a continuous length: of cord which is turned or looped ,itt the bead edge at an angle to the annulus of the tire'andluid over itself :it said turn or loop and spread or diverged llNiltiflOltl inn gradual and ontinuous iiositionul relti-tionship in which the under portion of the length of cord gradually emerges from beneath the upper pors tion and said under and upper portions relax tively spread and extend o'verthe space area of the ivariable circumference of the tire.

For an understanding of the general construction of the type of cord tire to which my improved anchoring means are related, reference may be had to the copending application above noted. y

The object of my invention is to provide a; simple and improved anchoring means for-the turnedor looped length of cord at the bead edge, which will effectively and cu'rel'y maintain the cords at all times at normal tension, which will enable the laying and looping of the length of cord and its attachment with relation to the anch0ring bead ring in no rapid and economical operation, and which will Iurthern'iore possess advuntogcs in point of security, inexpensiveness, effectiveness, and general etficiency.

A further object of my invention is to providean improved anchoring means whereby the selvuge or head edge of the cord body fabric i will be securely held against all liability of release of the tension of the cords during the process of making the tire, during vulcanization or curing, 0r

when-.in operative use thereafter.

A-"furthcr object of my inventionis to provide an improved anchoring means whereby the replacement of broken cords mayfibe effected without the necessity of tearin or cutting through the original bead and t e resultant necessity of rebuilding the bead, and which will enable the layingo'f any replaced cords under the some tension as was maintained in the "original cords, and to these ends myiinprovements comprise detachable or separable meu'nsicgrlried by the main'bead ring, to which ,de tuchable means the cords are directly connected, substantially us hereinafter described.

M invention thus comprises a reinforc- 'ing' ed rm and inextensible --ai1ehor ing rile-tins inserte v upon or a-ttuchably connected with the bead ring and securing the se'lvagced?! loops-of the cord. 7

n the dniwingsl igure'1. is a detail crosssection of the bend ring and anchoring means, showing the cord loops as anchoredto one bar or tang of the ring by means of the eyelets.

Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of a section or segment of the periphery of the bead ring and anchorin means, corresponding to the construction 9 own in Fig. 1, the anchoring eyelets shown position but the cords not being illustrated.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinalsectional view, on

the plane of the line w -w',-'Fig. 2,'showing the cords in connection with-the anchoring 'eye lets and the placement of the cords of two plies as laid at reverse angles. I

Fig. 4 is a section corresponding to the illustrationyin Fig. 3, illustrating a modifiedconstruction of the anchoring eyelets'which is adaptable to the employment of cords having a flattened cross-section.

Fig. 5 is'a detail lan view of a section or segment of the perlphe'ry of the bead ring,

illustrating a modified construction in which the lateral bars are formed by T-shaped perforations in a lateral extensionthereof.

y'Fig. 6is a detail cross-sectionon the plane of the line y.y, Fig. 5, showing the anchoring eyelets and cord loops in position.

' Fig. 7 is a detail cross-section of the bead portion of -a completedtire with the anchor-- ing means and cord fabric embedded therein. Figw8' is a section corresponding to Fig. 3

, and showing a modified construction of the anchoring eyelets. i

Corresponding parts in all the figures are denoted by thesame reference characters.

I have herein illustrated my'ilnproved an-.

choring means in its relation to a two-ply cord body fabric, in which the cord lengths ofthe respective plies are'laid at reverse v angles and extend obliquely to the transverse or segmental cross-sectional plane of the tire, but it will be understood that the anchoring means is adaptable as well to the employment of a. single ply cord fabric or to the employment of any desired plurality of superimposed plies. -It will alsobe understood that in all constructions ofthe im' proved anchoring means the bead ring and its bars or tangs and the anchoring'eyelets to which the cord loops are connected are all embedded in thebead of the tire and serve the oflice of a reinforce therefor.

In the practical construction of the'cord body fabric, and the anchoring thereof according to my invention, the length of cord is laid over a-suitable core or mandrel orformer, at an angle thereto, under any desired tension, and turned or looped uponitself at its selvage or bead edges (for instance, in the manner set forth-in my 00? pending application above referred to) and with the looped ends resting on the bar or tang or finger of-the bead ring herein shown;

The anchoring eyelet is then placed over the cord at its loop and over the bar or tangand brought to position. to securely anchor thecord at its loop to the bar or tang of the bead ring and thus insure the maintenance of uniform tcnsionin-eachlay of the cord and throughout-its entire length as thelcorg p ace is laid an the successive eyelets are in position. The entire operation of aying are receivedin the slots between the and anchoring the cords in the manner just set forth is accomplished by means of a mechanism. which constitutes the subject matterof aseparate applicationfor patent. It will be understood that, inthe laying and anchoring of two or more plies according to my invention as herein set forth, the under plyis first completely laid and anchored, and the next succeeding and overlying 1y is cfirrespondingly completely laid and ane ore r Referringto the drawings, 1 designates a metallic bead ring, which .is of annularor hoop shape conforming to theannulus of the tire and constitutes the base element of the anchor construction. The bead ring is preferably constructed of .steel, rolled'for drawn to the desired cross-sectional contour, rolled to the required radius, and then welded at the joint. The ring may, however, be constructed of sheet metal, preferably steel,

rolled to impart the desired or suitable cross-sectionalcontour. 1 Projecting laterally from the body .or main portion of the bead ring are bars or tangs or fingers, as at 2, upon which are mounted f the eyelets, as hereinafter described, to which the bead-edge loopsv of the length of laid cordconstitutmg the cord body fabric are directly rionnectedi. The bead ring thus serves as an .inextensible'anchor base for the looped edges of the cord body fabric which are secured in connection with the ring by the intermediate anchoring eyelets.

In the construction as 'shown'in Figs. 1 and 2, a lateral extension from the body or "main'portion of the bead ring is slotted ina transverse plane, "as at 3,-to produce the series of bars or tangs 2, said slots being open attheirouter ends. In this constru' ction, the anchoring eyelets are inserted over the outer end of the respective tangsand are brought-thereon longitudinally to proper position. I

4 designates the anchoring eyelets, which are of metal and may be preferably formed of suitable bent wire. In contour, the eyelet comprises a main portion or eye which straddles or. bridges the'tang andis of a curvature-conforming to the cross-section of the cord, and from said eyeor body portion extend securing stems, as at 5, which tangs and project under the latter.

From the foregoing, it will-be understood that when the length of cord. is laid with inserted. upon the tangs, the relative positions are 'such that the -tangs project lat.- erally with respect totheannulus of: the tire, the e elets are in osition approximately paral el to the .annu us of'the' t1re, and"the bead-edge loops of the length of cord are at an angle to the annulus of the tire and the looped ends resting upon the tangs, and c the. eyelets are engaged *with-the loops and parallel to the rungs. In the preferred contour of the cross-section of the body of the head ring, its inner face at the top is preferably cone-eyed, as at G, to conform to the curvature of the cord loop of the inner layer o1? cord body fabric, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 2 I have illustrated the relative position oi. the anchoring eyelets for two ayers of cord fabric, the eyelets being arranged in a res 'iective inner and outer series in which each eyelet straddles or bridges a tang and overlaps the edge of the next adjoining eyelet, they being thus set i-nthe close relatimiship required for the laying of the cord body fabric in the improvedmanner herein referred to and as set forth in my ctr-pending a pplieation hereinbefore noted. In this position. the anchoring eyelets are at a slightly oblique angle to the longitudinal plane of the tang, but the series of eyelets is paral el to the annulus of the tire and the looped ends of the cord are retained by the eyelets at approximately right angles to the annulus of the tire and substantially in line with the laterally-projecting tangs. The eye or body portion of the eyelet passes through the loop of the cord and securely binds or retains the same between the tang and eyelet-eye, as shown in Fig. 3, the length of cord, 7, passing under and through the eyelet and lying over itself at the loop, 8, from which it spreads or diverges in a gradual and continuous positional relationship so that the under portion of the length of the cord graduallyemerges from beneath the upper portion thereof and said under and upper portions relatively spread and extend over the progressive variable circumference of the tire in the laid position as set forth in my co-pending application above noted. As shown in Fig 3, the eyelet has a curved eye conforming to the curved crosssection of the cord, and its retaining stems 55 are respectively turned outwa dly in opposite directions, as at 9, so that they re spectiyely engage under the adjoining tahgs .at opposite sides of the tang which is straddled or :bridged by the eyelet.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4, the eye of-the anchoring-eyelet ismot' segmentally curved. but is flattened to approxi Inately angular contour, as at 10,-to conform to the flattened cross se'ction of the cord, when. cords of "flattened contour are employed, said angle being at one side the median plane of'the eyelet-eydand thus in line with the oblique or diagonalposition in which tliejcord length is laid witl-rrelation to. the transverse or segmental -erhss;sec tional plane of the tire. \I

In the modification shown in F g. 8, the

anchoring eyelets, in lieu of "having their stems turned outwardly's'o that they underlock under the tangs at opposite sides of the tang which is straddled or bridged by the eyelet, have their stains 5 turned inwardly toward each other, as at 11, so that they engage under the tang which is straddled or bridged by the eyelet. Under this construction, the eyelet is substantially ring-shape, either in curved or irregular or an ular contour. 1: will be noted that in the construction as shown in Fi lthe outer edge of the lateral extension 0 the bead rim 1, which forms the tangs 2, is preferably turned downwardly, as at 12, which not onl provides a reinforcing or strengthening ed e resistant to strains but also provides a 50p against the eyelets when the latter are positioned to retain the tensioned cords;

In Figs. 5 and 6, I have illustrated am'odified construction of the bead ri-hg, in which the slots 3 which form the bars 2 are not cut through at an open outer end as in the construction shown in Fig. 2, but said slots, 3, are formed by T-shaped perforations vided in series in the lateral extension the body or main portion of the bead ring, the head of the T being adjacent the outer edge of said lateral extension. '-T-his construction provides a continuous reinforcing flan go, as at It, following the annulus of the bead ring, at the outer ends of the bars, 2, with which the reinforcing eyelets are engaged, said outer ring 'fl angethus bracingthe bars in their resistance to strains. The T- shaped construction also thus provides a re inforcing ring which is integral with the bars. .To facilitate the insertlon'of the re-' inforcingeyelets upon the bars, under the construction just described, thebuter remforcing ring flange 14 is preferably turned downwardly at an angle to the plane of the bars 2, said downward turn commencing at a point just back'of the cross-head of the T- slot, as sh'ownin Fig. 6, whereby the cross head of theT-slot is at an angle to the longitudinal main portion of the slot and forms an opening at the front thereof through which the reinforcing eyelets'niay'he readily insertgd agdylaced over the bar in'the same mannera si's followed and permitted under the construction with the tangs or bars as shown in Fi 2. The angular bend or turn same in its rein as will-be readorcing' ofiice, ily understood.

of the ring tinge 1 .1 also serves to brace the "Under the various constructions as herein means and the impro ed'anchorin 'ecrdsjatthe selv'a 1 8 0.

edge of the cord body fabric after the cords have been laid in the manner hereinbefore set forth and anchored in relation to the bead rin and the anchored structure incorporated 1n the tire shoe or casing before the vulcanizing process.

The advantages of my invention and the operation of laying the cord fabric and anchorin the loops of the cords at the selvage edge thereof will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which my improve ments appertain. In the improved construction the cords are laced through the anchoring eyelets, with their loops passing through the eyes thereof at an angle to the annulus of the tire and in line with the bars or tangs of the bead ring which are also at an angle to the'annulus of the tire, the reinforcing eyelets being intermediate of the bars or tangs and cords and approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire and thus substantially at right angles to the loop at which the cord lays over itself and to the bars or tangs which project laterally from the bead ring I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the detail construction and ar rangement of parts as herein shown and de scribed, as it is manifest that variations and modifications therein may be resorted to, in the adaptation of my invention to varying conditions of use, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention and improvements. I therefore reserve the right to all such variations and modifications as properl fall within the scope of my invention and the'terins of the following claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, bars projecting laterally from the bead ring at an angle to the annulus of the tire eyelet members connected with said bars and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, andthe length of cord turned or looped under the eyelets and laid over'itselfat said loop at an angle to the annulus Qiithetire. 1

2. In-anchoringlmeans for the cord body fabric -of:- ..,tire of the cord type, a bead ring infing with the annulus of the tire, bars projecting laterally from the bead 'at an angle to the annulus of the tire an haying their outer edge turned downwardly; eyelet members connected with said bars and positioned approximatelyparallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length of cord turned or looped under the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at. an angle to the annulus of the tire.

B. In anehorin means for the cord body fabric of tires 0 the cord type, a bead ring member-in line with the annulus of the tire. bars ,projectinglaterallyfrom the beadv rin at an angle to the annulus of the tire, eye at members having a body-eye straddling or bridging over the bars and positioned a proximate y parallel to the annulus of t e tire, and the ength of cord turned'br looped through the eye of the eyelet and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

4. In anchorin means for the cord body fabric of tires o the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, bars projecting laterally from the bead rin at an an le to the annulus of the tire an separated y intervening slots or spaces, eyelet members having a body-eye straddling or bridging over the bars and positionedapproximate y parallel to the annulus of the tire and having retaining portions passing through said slots or spaces and en aging under the bars, and the length 0 cord turned or looped through the eye of the eye let and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire 5. In anch ring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, bars 1.1rojecting laterally from the bead ring at an angle to the annulus of the tire, eyelet members attachably inserted upon and mounted over said bars and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length-of cord turned or looped under the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annuluszof the tire.

6. In anchorin means forthe' cord body fabric of tires 0% the cord type, a bead ring member inline with theannulus of the tire, bars projecting lateralh from the bead rin'g at an angle to the annulus of the tire and separated y intervening approximately T-shaped slots forming acontinuous reinforcing flange at the outer ends of the bars, eyelet members connected with said bars and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length of cord turned 0r looped under the eyelets-and laid over itself at said loop-at an angle to the annulus of the tire. l

7. Iii anchoring means-for the cord body fabric of tires of the f cord type, a. bead, ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, bars projeetingilaterally from t j e bead ring at an angle to the annulus of thetire and separated by intervening approximately I T-shaped slots forniing a contmuoii's rein forcing flange at the outer ends of thei bars,

said flangebeing turned downwardly: from a,

point in rear of the ,crosshead-ofthejT $1068,

whereby said cross-head is at an aii g'le to the longitudinal main Eportio'n of the, slat and forms an opening at the front thereof, eyeletv members attaeha'bl inserted 'upon and; mounted over said ars and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length ofioord turned or looped under the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulusof the tire.

. bination,

anchorage and the length of cord turned or looped un- "said oop at an angle intermediate anchorage between through under the bars,

8. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, bars projecting laterally from the bead rm an separated eyelet members at an angle to the annulus of the tire by intervening slots or spaces, having a body-eye straddling or bridging over the bars and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire and having stems projecting from said body-eye through said slots or spaces and engaging under the bars at opposite sides of the bar which is bridged by the eyelet, and the length of cord turned or looped through the e e of the eyelet and laid over itself at to the annulus of the tire. I

9. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord. type, the combination, with a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire and having latera-lly-pro'ecting bars, of eyelet members engaged an connected with said bars, and the length of cord turned or looped under the eyelets, said eyelet members. constituting an the cord loops and the bars of the bead ring member.

10. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, the comwith a bead ring member in line with the annulus ofthe tire and having laterallyprojecting bars separatedrby intervening slots or spaces, of eyelet members on gaged and connected with said bars and having a, bodyey'e straddling or bridging over the bars and retaining portions passing said slots or spaces and engaging and the length of cord turned or looped through the eye of the eyelet, said eyelet members constituting an intermediate between the cord loops and the bars of the bead ring member.

11. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet members connected with said bead ring member and positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire,

der the eye ets and laid over itself at said. loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

12. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet a portion of the bead ring member and conmembers straddling or bridging l the eyelet and laid. over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

13. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, a series of eyelet members respectively attachably connected with said bead ring member and carried thereby, and the length of cord turned or looped under the eyelets, said eyelet members respectively constituting a detachable intermediate anchorage between the cord loops and the bead ring member.

14. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of'tires of the cord" type, the combination, with a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, and the length of cord turned or looped at the bead-edge portion and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire, of intermediate anchoring means connected with and carried by the bead ring member and having a portion positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire for engagementv bead ring member.

16. In anchoring means for the. cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, the com-' bination, with ahead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire and having bars projecting laterally and turned downwardly at their outer edge, gaged and connected with said bars, length of I eyelets, said eyelet members constituting an intermediate anchorage iiietween the cord and. the

loops and the bars of the bead ring member;

In testimony -whereoi I have signed. the foregoing specifications.

FREDRICK S. DICKINSON.

or loo ped at the bead-edge engaging the intermediate anchoring of eyelet members encord turned or looped under the 

